Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov Biography

Demikhov Vladimir to talk about how important this section is for a long time today - this is clear to everyone today. But there were times when transplantology was a dark forest even for professors from medicine. It is difficult to find a more practical area in which scientific research would be so closely interconnected with operations. Vladimir Petrovich was born 18 in a new style - July 31 of the year on the Kulikovsky farm now - Novonikolaevsky district of the Volgograd region in a peasant family.

When the boy was three years old, his father went missing in the battles of the Civil War, and his mother alone continued to raise several children. Interestingly, they all received higher education, which in those years was a rarity. Demikhov graduated from the school of factory apprenticeship, having received a specialty of a locksmith, and then left for Voronezh, where he entered the medical faculty of a local university.

There he met Sergey Sergeyevich Bryukhonenko, an outstanding physiologist, creator of the world's first artificial circulation apparatus. Having assessed the ability of the young man, the scientist made him an offer to go to the biological faculty of Moscow State University. At the time of study, the scientific addictions of Demikhov were also determined. Just shortly before the Soviet surgeon Yuri Yuryevich Vorona, for the first time in world medical practice, conducted an operation to transplant a cadaveric kidney to a person, and transplantology was very promising to study the direction, almost at that time unclosed.

In the third year, he conducted the first successful experiment-he created an artificial heart and implanted it either a dog or a cat-it is written differently in the sources; And the animal, thanks to this, lived a few more hours. In the year, Demikhov, with difference, completed his studies, but he did not have a chance to work in a peaceful medical field for a long time - the Great Patriotic War began.

Throughout the entire period of the war, as well as campaigns in the Far East in the year, he served as a pathologist in hospitals. After the war ended in the rank of senior lieutenant Demikhov, he was dismissed. He was eager to begin to implement his scientific plans. He began to work at the Institute of Experimental Surgery. Already in the year, he was the first in the world to carry out a difficult operation to transplant the dog of the pulmonary and heart complex.

The following was followed by an operation to transplant a liver dog, and a few later - the shunting operation that Vladimir Petrovich conducted the dog to the lady, after which she lived another 7 years. The whole country was glorified by Demikhov by another unique operation. In the year, he transplanted a puppy head with front paws on the neck of an adult dog, and both of these heads could bark and at the same time take food.

Of course, there were also critics who considered that this visualization does not carry practical use, but Demikhov himself ardently argued that a two -headed dog was a direct evidence that the brain could continue to work, even if the head is transplanted to another body. In the year, Demikhov went to work at the 1st Moscow State Medical Institute named after I. He got a small laboratory in the building of the former church.

The scientist, whose name was already recognized even abroad, did not even have an operating lamp - an ordinary Ilyich light hung from the ceiling on the wire. There he made a dozen heart transplant operations and the heart-and-and-hearth complex, and also twice repeated the operation to combine two heads of the dog. This was a real scientific sensation, and although the authorities were not very benevolent of demonstrating the scientific scientific scientific developments, colleagues, including those included in the delegation, praised his activity.

Upon his return in the year, he released the world's first monograph in transplantology entitled "Transplanting vital organs in the experiment." In the year, Demikhov conducts another legendary operation, having transplanted the dog named Grishka the second heart. The dog immediately became a world celebrity, his photographs bypassed many medical scientific publications in the world.

Unfortunately, Grishka, who lived in the laboratory, attacked one of the nights on a thief trying to steal from operating alcohol, and he beat the dog with a board, as a result of which he had to put it up. After that, Demikhov made it a rule to take operated dogs home, not to leave them at work. There was time, domestic and foreign publications wrote about the scientist, and he remained in position as an ordinary researcher at the clinic at the Sklifosovsky Institute.

It was required to defend the dissertation. He was considered a biologist, and medical organizations refused to accept his dissertation. As a result, he could hardly defend himself at the faculty of soil science of Moscow State University, and his opponents did not hesitate to come to defense, shouting from the place and raising posters with inscriptions that this was all charlatanism and is not unore for science.

Alas, this was an opinion and quite deserved, practicing doctors.Now it is already clear that such operations brought closer the possibility of conducting people similar to the treatment of people, and this was confirmed during the life of Vladimir Petrovich. The difference between not very recognition and recognition in the international medical community was striking-the operations were present at the person at the same time at the same time, a world-famous transplantists came to him-which is one Christian Barnard, who was the first in the world to transplant the heart from man to man.

Demikhov, on the other hand, belonged to the idea of ​​creating a bank of organs for use in transplantological practice. But the Scientific Council of the transplantological society did not support it, and only thanks to the intercession of some colleagues did he manage to advance his idea. But constant conflicts with the authorities and the exhausting scientific work greatly undermined his health - at the age of fifty -two, the age of Vladimir Petrovich had a stroke.

Nevertheless, having recovered, the scientist in the same mode continued to work in the laboratory. With his students, he continued to work for almost twenty years to improve the methods of transplanting various organs - liver, esophagus, heart, head. In the year, he retired, and then changes began in the country. After Valery Shumakov in the year conducted the first successful operation of heart transplantation in the country, the authorities finally drew due attention to the problems of transplantology.

A number of honored scientists who have developed these issues for years were noted by state awards. And in the year, Vladimir Petrovich was able to go to Munich, where the scientist Christian Kabol, who was the first to transplant heart in France, handed him a diploma to the “pioneer of heart transplantation in the experiment”. Despite all the difficulties, Demikhov had a rare happiness of the pioneer in the new area, and even more rarely happiness to see the fruits of his works developed by his followers!

After the collapse of the USSR Demikhov, his former students did not forget, and made him the honorary director of the Moscow Center for Human Reproduction. Again, Vladimir Petrovich’s merits were remembered after the primitive operation on the aorto-coronary bypassification of Russian President Boris Yeltsin in the year. In the year, Demikhov was awarded the Order of Merit to the Fatherland of the 3rd degree, bypassing the 4th, and a year later-the State Prize of the Russian Federation.

The laureate of this award Vladimir Petrovich managed to receive seriously ill patients. And even a few months later, on November 22, he was gone. The outstanding scientist was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery in Moscow.

A bust is installed on his grave, on the pedestal of which the saying of Vladimir Petrovich is carved, which, in fact, is the motto of his whole life: "I sought to do everything for a person in my experiments." Cover: Vladimir Petrovich Demikhov.