Vladimir Monomakh Biography

The latest news biography is the years of the reign of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh are considered the happiest and flowering for Kievan Rus. The wise statesman, who visited the governor of the Smolensk, Chernihiv, Pereyaslav principalities and became the great prince of Kyiv, a talented commander and thinker, he wrote his name in the history of the Russian state in golden letters.

Vladimir Monomakh was born in the year. His father, Pereyaslavsky Prince Vsevolod, was the son of Yaroslav the Wise, whose genealogy is first mentioned in the Tale of Bygone Years. A year after the birth of his grandson, his great grandfather died. The mother of Vladimir was a close relative, perhaps the daughter of the Byzantine emperor Konstantin IX Monomakh. Hence the nickname of the prince, which translates as a "martialist", which accurately characterizes his personality.

Prince Vladimir Monomakh children's and youthful years of the life path of the future ruler of Kyiv passed at the court of his father in Pereyaslav-Yuzhnoy. To participate in hunting wild animals, the father attracted the boy as a child. As Monomakh later wrote in teaching his sons, he visited both the paws of the bear and on the horns by the tour. However, it was only a "warm -up".

Indeed, at the age of 13, the boy fell into a combat field, where he was taken by his father to comprehend military affairs. At the same age, he began to independently reign in the Rostov-Suzdal lands, gaining the first experience of public administration. Vladimir Monomakh on vacation after hunting, this experience was useful when Vladimir Monomakh was put on the reign of Smolensk.

This is a period for years. The Smolensk prince participated in the battles, helping neighbors in the fight against external enemies - the Polovtsy. Military campaigns were frequent. In the year, Monomakh and Oleg Svyatoslavich supported the Poles participating in the campaign against the Czechs. Later, together with his father and Svyatopolk Izyaslavich, he went twice against Vseslav Polotsk.

The reign in the year Vsevolod Yaroslavich undertook to reign Kyiv. His summer son Vladimir Monomakh went to Chernigov. To protect the estate of the young nobleman, he was forced to repeatedly reflect the devastating raids of the Polovtsy and the Mongol-Tatars. One and a half decades, the son was the right hand of his father. He helped him in solving political issues and more than once became the head of the Grand Duke's squads, who made campaigns to pacify the rebellious princes or destroy the Polovtsian hordes.

But according to the existing rules of continuity, the Kyiv throne was to occupy the eldest of the Rurikovich. At that time, the cousin of Svyatopolk Izyaslavich turned out to be such. Monomakh did not want a feud and fratricidal war and gave the throne to his brother. He himself went to rule in Chernigov. These 2 decades, with GO, Vladimir Monomakh learned both the joy of victories and the bitterness of defeats.

In battles, he lost his eldest son and younger brother. In the year he gave the Chernihiv lands to Oleg Svyatoslavovich, leaving behind a more “modest” Pereyaslav principality. Regular raids bleeding lands. Vladimir Monomakh became the ideological inspirer of the unification of the princes in the face of a common enemy. Some researchers believe that the prince was the initiator of preventive attacks on the enemy, organizing sorties into the Polovtsian steppe.

The campaign in the year turned out to be successful, after which the main goal was achieved - Rus' got rid of the raids of nomads for a long time. And nine years later, the Troops of the Pechenegs finally left the Russian lands. Researchers consider the protection of Rus' from the Polovtsy the main merit of Vladimir Monomakh. Since the sons of Vladimir Monomakh, in addition to the fight against nomads, regularly arranged military campaigns in Livonia and Bulgaria, in Europe they spoke about the relics of the Kyiv prince.

Great fears were caused by Vladimir by the Byzantine emperor. According to legend, as a sign of the peaceful location, the ruler of the empire sent the rich gifts to Vladimir Monomakh: the power, scepter, hat and ancient bars.

Subsequently, these objects became a symbol of the sovereign power in Rus', and the headdress was called the “Monomakh cap”. These gifts are now in the Kremlin’s weapons chamber. They are also presented on all reproductions and photos with the image of Vladimir Monomakh. Vladimir Monomakh made his contribution to Vladimir Monomakh and the cessation of fratricidal wars on Russian land.

To create a strong army, the consolidation of all princes was required, which was not observed in those years. One of the main events during the reign of Monomakh was the Lubech Congress of Princes. In the year, a gathering of the rulers of six Russian principalities was organized. At the meeting, issues were resolved on the division of territories and unity of the armies.

Such an agreement has become a significant achievement in the domestic political activity of the ruler and has a beneficial effect on the strengthening of the state. But the unification of the forces was prevented by the betrayal of Davyd Igorevich, which entailed new feuds. In the year, Vladimir Monomakh gathered a second congress at which the rulers managed to come to a peaceful decision.

The great reign after the death of Svyatopolk in the year Vladimir Monomakh adopted the brothers of the reign of Kievan Rus and became the great prince.It was a difficult period for Kyiv, because at that time a popular uprising against usurers began. The new ruler sided with the people and took measures to limit the collection of interest. Prince Vladimir Monomakh Monomakh turned out to be an effective reformer in the field of legislation.

He supplemented the Code of the Laws "Russian Truth", written by Santa Yaroslav Wise. Revenge for the murder was prohibited and replaced by a monetary fine. He also forbade the slave to slavery for outstanding debts. Yes, and the very position of the common people has facilitated. Such was the domestic policy of Vladimir Monomakh. The position of the great Kyiv prince was so strengthened that no one dared to dispute his seniority.

Monomakh controlled three quarters of the state. At the prince, the fortress in Suzdal and fortifications in Vladimir-on-Klyazma took off. There appeared the Spasskaya Church and the Assumption Cathedral, which were among the monuments of architecture. Temples were also built in Smolensk, Rostov and other cities where the prince ruled. Vladimir Monomakh foreign policy Vladimir Monomakh was also successful.

The raids of the Volga Bulgarians, Polovtsy and Mongol-Tatars no longer bothered the state. And the tribes of Berendeev and Torkov were forever pushed beyond the limits of Rus'. In the “Word on the Patulet of the Russian Land” this time is called the happiest and most serene. The concentration of power in one hand and the cessation of internecine wars strengthened the state.

The period of cultural development began. The wise prince managed to leave his mark in the literature. Unfortunately, only 4 of his works have reached this day: a letter to Oleg Svyatoslavich, a chronicle of an autobiographical nature about military campaigns, “The Charter of Vladimir Vsevolodovich” or “The Charter of Vladimir Monomakh”, as well as the famous book “The Teaching of Vladimir Monomakh”, which is still known under the names “The Teaching of Vladimir Vsevolodovich”, “Testament of Vladimir Monomakh” or “Teaching” or “Teaching” Children ".

Vladimir Monomakh these literary works are the most valuable storehouse of everyday experience, passed on by princely offspring and all subsequent generations, and also the sensible advice on managing the state. Many statements by Vladimir Monomakh became aphorisms and quotes. Personal life of the life of Monomakh indicates that the nobles had three spouses and many children.

Today it is impossible to reliably establish, which of the wives of which of the children gave birth. It is reliably known that the personal life of Vladimir Monomakh was saturated with events. The first wife of the prince, researchers call Gita Wessex. This is the English princess and daughter of the Anglo -Saxon king Harold II. She gave birth to six to her husband in a different version of seven sons: Mstislav, Yaropolk, Vyacheslav, Izyaslav, Roman and Svyatoslav.

But the researchers disagree whether Gita was the mother of Yuri, who became known as Yuri Dolgoruky. And Vladimir also had several daughters. The names of the three reached us: Maria Maritsa, Evfimia and Agafia. The cap of Vladimir Monomakh to the personal qualities of Vladimir Monomakh all researchers classify wisdom, the desire for self -education, as well as political intuition.

Having received the Rostov and Suzdal lands from his father at the age of 13, the prince did not leave concern for them and, by the end of his life, turned them into a blooming land with a developed culture. Death died the famous ruler on May 19. He was buried with honors in Kyiv. The grave of the ruler is located in the Cathedral of St. Sophia. The result of the reign of Vladimir Monomakh was a strong state with developed economy and culture.

The role of Vladimir Monomakh in the history of Rus' speaks of its popularity over the next centuries. They were given a historical portrait of personality and important facts of the biography of the ruler are represented.