Biography of Yekaterinodar

Who and when actually founded Yekaterinodar and gave him a name? This lecture from the cycle “Dalhounds: kilometers of the Kuban” is dedicated to part of the expedition passing through the territory of the Krasnodar Territory. The local historian will tell you about ancient parking lots, first inhabitants, peoples who lived and live in the territory of the region along the channel of the Kuban River.

The lecture contains unique historical materials, including from a personal photo archive, which have not been published anywhere before. It will begin in the restaurant "Yekaterinodar". The candidate of historical sciences, a member of the Union of Architects of the Russian Federation, former adviser to the mayor of Krasnodar spoke about the common myths about the origin of the city and introduced the listeners to key historical documents.

In fact, September is just a convenient time for mass events. History suggests that our city appeared in June. It is known that on June 9, the Cossacks of the Black Sea Cossack army sent a document to the governor of the Tauride region with a request to legally secure their intentions on the foundation of the military city. The name "Yekaterinodar" was rooted later, and the exact dates of the official foundation were not recorded, but some indirect evidence was still preserved.

People appreciated the strategic benefits of the area protected from the south, west and east. The oldest traces of the presence of a person in Krasnodar, historians give 10 thousand. But at that time no one lived here constantly. But the most ancient settles can be called Meot tribes - on the site of our city they lived from the VI century BC. There is another reason for the emergence of the city in this place.

By the beginning of June, from the Ust-Labinsky fortress by the way, it was preserved, and recently it was reconstructed by the Cossacks went a significant detachment, several thousand people, down the Kuban, placing border posts along the right bank of the river. The entire fortified line was later called the "Black Sea cordon line." She walked from Ust-Labinsk to Taman.

Karasun Kut, where Ekaterinodar was founded, was almost in the middle of this line. The Black Sea Cossacks became the first settlers, but were not the first to come to these lands. We were here in the year - but they did not settle - the Don Cossacks, who arrived along with Suvorov at the Arkhangelsk paramedic, a small earthen strengthening of an unmarked type. Historians in different ways evaluate events that can be taken as a reference point of Yekaterinodar history.

For example, the actual emergence of a settlement in the year or the design of this event in the year, January 1. Now few doubts that the city was founded in the year, but the specific date of the start of the biography of Yekaterinodar remains the subject of a scientific dispute. On the morning of June 9, the military government, which on the eve of the Cossacks arrived in the Karasunsky Kut, composed a report to the Tauride Governor Semen Semenovich Zhigulin with a request to recognize the military city of the settlement organized in the Karasunsky Kut.

The entire right bank of the Kuban to the border with the land of the Donskoy army was part of the Tauride region. Her province began to be called later, at that time it was precisely the region. I will notify that I, who placed the border guard along the Kuban River, is a member of the government in Karasunsky Kut, where I found a place under the military city.

” Yes, the Kuban at that time was masculine and was pronounced without a soft sign at the end. Taman too. These documents confirm that the place for the military center has already been determined. Some textbooks and reference books on the history of the Kuban states that the decision on the foundation of Yekaterinodar was made at a meeting of military elders on August 15.

Nowadays, the popularizer of this point of view was historian Viktor Alexandrovich Soloviev. He relied on an article in the newspaper Russian Disabled with information from an unknown participant in this meeting. However, even with a quick acquaintance with this article, the abundance of factual and cartographic errors is striking. Obviously, the memory was written several decades after the events themselves.

It is strange that there are no references to such a significant event as the foundation of the city, neither in the correspondence of the first persons of the Black Sea army, nor in the affairs of the military government. The loss of these documents is unlikely, especially since in those years the letters of multiple were duplicated for different addressees. Historians have seen almost all things stored in our statearchy and related to Chernomory - years.

Some cardinal clarifications are unlikely to follow. Perhaps this was precisely what produced earlier to refuse to indicate the exact date of the meeting, where a decision was made on the name of the city. The real “conspiracy of silence” after August 15 looks inexplicable. One gets the impression that the name of the city for two months was unknown in the Black Sea army, including the Ataman and the military judge.

In private and official correspondence, the Urbanonym "Ekaterinodar" was not used. In the letters of the summer-autumn period, the chipel used to designate the place of the word “bike” and “Karasun Kut”.According to various direct and indirect data, the appearance of the name "Ekaterinodar" is dated to the second half of October. This is the first known use of the name of the city. In November, the name was practically in use, but nevertheless, on December 22, the vice-governor of the region in the report again called this place Karasunsky Kut.

The name appeared later than the city itself. But from what time the Cossacks themselves began to consider the founded settlement of Karasun Kut to the city? Based on the documents - from about the first days of its existence. That is, the function of the administrative center appeared from the moment the Cossacks arrived at the place. From here they sent letters, there was a military government here.

Bottom line: the city received its name in October, but became the military center in June, since that time he served the function of the city, as it was attended by a permanent population. It is believed that Yekaterinodar was named after the holy great martyr Catherine. This is especially loved to mention local media with the wording "as the patroness of the city." This stamp has become widespread, but the misconception is refuted by the text of the second article of the textbook -known “public order”, which was adopted by the military government on January 1 of the year: “In the Karasunsky Kut, to erect a military city and for the eternal skill of our life and benefactors, all the most molistic sovereign Empress Ekaterina Alekseevna, an all -Russian autocrats, autocrats of the All -Russian, autocrats.

Call it with Yekaterinodar. " Recently, another myth of Yekaterinodar history was born - that the founder of the city was Alexander Vasilievich Suvorov. Even on the monument that opened several years ago, the great commander in the Mariinsky Square was initially flaunted by the inscription: “A.

Suvorov, founder of Yekaterinodar. " After repeated appeals of historians, the inscription was removed. This assumption is based on two facts: firstly, in the year, with the participation of Suvorov, a small earthen fortification was built. However, there were neither settlements nor a permanent garrison, and over time the fortification was bunched. And secondly, there is an opinion that it was Count Suvorov that gave permission to build the main military city, but this is not documented by anything.

In historical literature, there is also an opinion that Yekaterinodar was founded as a fortress city. Why is it wrong? Firstly, until the March of the year, when the question of the construction of the fortress was first raised, the documents were only about building chicken and chambers for the military government. Secondly, the “general use of” about Yekaterinodar speaks of a military residence, and not the fortress, unlike Stavropol, Kizlyar, Mozdok, which were originally founded as fortresses and later became cities.

Contemporaries very clearly note the difference between a fortified city and a fortress at the settlement. The documents from the year say: “In the front of the city to the south, a fortress was arranged against the bend of the Kuban. The fortress is considered by historians and contemporaries separately from the city settlement. In addition, the fortress cities were urban settlements precisely inside the contour of the city walls, behind which was located Forstadt, the suburbs.

An example is Mozdok, Cherkassk, Rostov-on-Don. It is interesting that in the fortress itself, which was built without compliance with the principles of fortification, there were only the barracks of the Kureni, the military cathedral and the cash pantry. There were no permanent settlements here. Therefore, it is impossible to call Yekaterinodar a fortress city. Nevertheless, he has characteristic features of such cities - a regular orthogonal layout, parallel and perpendicular streets.

In recent years, we have completely lost the remnants of the Yekaterinodar fortress. During the construction of the perinatal center, Kureni - years were demolished. Over the past 10 years, nothing has been left of the Yekaterinodar fortress. It is also a mistake that Karasun is the old channel of the Kuban River. The currently existing in the form of a chain of man -made lakes, at the end of the 18th century, Karasun was a complex river system located on the first floodplain terrace of the Kuban.

Nevertheless, Karasun was an independent river of spring origin. At the beginning of the twentieth century, historian Korolenko wrote: “The etymology of the hydronym“ Karasun ”itself has a double meaning. Karasun is not even the old man of the Kuban River that these rivers are located on different terraces.