Biography Charles Dixon

Charles John Gaffam Dickens English. Charles John Huffam Dikens on February 7, Landport, Portmund - June 9, Heydshill, Kent, UK Charles Dickens - one of the most famous English -speaking novelists, a famous creator of vivid comic characters and a social critic. Chesterton gives Dickens the following characteristic: “Dickens was a bright exponent,” writes this largely related English writer, a kind of mouthpiece of universal inspiration, gust and intoxicating enthusiasm, calling everyone and everyone to high goals.

His best works are the enthusiastic anthem of freedom. All his work shines with the reflected light of the revolution. ” The prose of C. Dickens is permeated by wit that influenced the originality of the national nature and image of thinking, known in the world, as “English humor” Charles John Huffam Dickens was born on February 7 in Landport near Portsmut. He married Elizabeth Barrow - and was appointed to the Porkmuta shipyard.

Charles was the second of eight children. To John Dickens was sent to Chatham County Kent. He already had five children. Charles taught her mother to read, for some time he attended elementary school, from nine to twelve he went to a regular school. Not developed over the years, he eagerly read the entire home library of cheap publications. In John Dickens was transferred to London.

Parents with six children in a terrible need huddled in the Ceiden Town. Charles stopped going to school; He had to attribute silver spoons to the mortgage, selling a family library, serving as a boy on the run. At twelve years, he began to work for six shillings a week at the Wax Factory in Hangerford-Stesz on Strand. He worked there for a little over four months, but this time seemed to him a painful, hopeless eternity and aroused determination to break out of poverty.

Having received a small inheritance, he paid with debts and was released on May 28 of that year. For about two years, Charles attended a private school called the Wellington House Academy. Working as a junior clerk in one of the lawyer offices, Charles began to study the stenography, preparing himself for the activities of a newspaper reporter. By November, he became an independent reporter of the court of Dr.

Comons. By his eighteen years, Dickens received a reader’s ticket to the British Museum and began to earn his education diligently. The twenty -year -old young man quickly stood out among hundreds of regulatory of the reporting gallery of the House of Commons. Dickens love for the daughter of the manager of the bank, Maria Bidnell, strengthened his ambitious aspirations.

But the Bidnell family did not have a location for a simple reporter, whose father had a chance to sit in a debt prison. After a trip to Paris “To complete the education”, Maria cooled to her fan. During the previous year, he began to write fiction on life and characteristic types of London. The first of them appeared in Mansley Megezin The Monthly Magazine in December the next four came out during January - August, and the latter was signed by the pseudonym Boz, the nickname of the younger brother of Dickens, Moses.

Now Dickens was the constant reporter of Morning Kronnikl “The Morning Chronicle”, which published reports about significant events throughout England. In January, J. Hogart, the publisher of Ivning Kronnikl, “The Evening Chronicle”, asked Dickens to write a number of essays about urban life. The literary ties of Hoart - his father -in -law J. Thomson was a friend of R. Burns, and he himself - a friend of V.

Scott and his adviser in legal issues - made a deep impression on the novice writer. In the early spring of that year, he engaged to Katherine Hogart. In essays, often not completely thought out and somewhat frivolous, the talent of a novice author is already visible; Almost all further Dickens of the Motives are affected: London's streets, courts and lawyers, prisons, Christmas, parliament, politicians, snobs, sympathy for the poor and oppressed.

This publication was followed by the proposal of Chapman and Hall to write a story in twenty issues to the comic engravings of the famous cartoonist R. Dickens that the notes of Nimrod, the theme of which were the adventures of unlucky London athletes, had already arrived; Instead, he suggested writing about the Club of Eccentrics and insisted that he did not comment on the illustrations of Seymour, but he made engravings to his texts.

The publishers agreed, and on April 2 the first issue of the Pickwick Club was published. Two days before that, Charles and Katherine got married and settled in the bachelor apartment of Dickens. At first, the responses were cool, and the sale did not promise great hopes. Even before the appearance of the second release, Seymour committed the suicide, and the whole idea was in jeopardy.

Dickens himself found the young artist H. Brown, who became known under the pseudonym Phys. The number of readers grew; By the end of the publication of the posthumous notes of the Pickwick Club, from March to November, each issue diverged in the amount of forty thousand copies.The posthumous notes of the Pickwick Club The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club are a complicated comic epic.

Her hero, Samuel Pickwick, is a cheerful Don Quixote, chubby and ruddy, accompanied by the clever servant of Sam Weller, Sancho Panza from the London common people. Freely the following episodes allow Dickens to present a number of scenes from the life of England and use all types of humor - from a rough farce to a high comedy, abundantly seasoned with satire.

If Pickwick does not have a rather pronounced plot to be called a novel, then it undoubtedly surpasses many novels with charming cheerfulness and joyful mood, and the plot in it can be traced no worse than in many other works of the same uncertain genre. Dickens refused to work in Kronnikl and accepted R. Bentley's proposal to lead the new monthly man, Almanac Bentley.

The first issue of the magazine was released in January, a few days before the birth of the first child Dickens, Charles the Younger. The first chapters of the Oliver Twever Twist appeared in the February issue; Completed in March, begun by the writer, when the Pickwick was written only half. Having not yet finished Oliver, Dickens set about Nicholas Nicklby Nicholas Nickleby; April - October, another series in twenty issues for Chapman and Hall.

During this period, he also wrote a libretto of a comic opera, two farce and published a book about the life of the famous clown Grimaldi. From Pickwick, Dickens went down to the dark world of horror, tracing an orphan in Oliver Twist, from a work house to the criminal slums of London. Although the burial of the Bumblebee and even the thieves' stitch Feigin are funny, the ominous, satanic atmosphere prevails in the novel.

In Nicholas Nicklby, the gloom of Oliver and the sunlight of Pickwick are mixed. In March, Dickens moved to a four-story house in Dauti Street, his daughter Mary and Kate were born here, and his sister-in-law, sixteen-year-old Mary, to whom he was very attached, died here. In this house, he first accepted D. Forster, the theatrical critic of the newspaper Examiner, who has become his friend for life, an adviser on literary issues, the executor and the first biographer.

Thanks to Forster, Dickens met Browning, tennyson and other writers. With the growth of welfare and literary fame, the position of Dickens in society was strengthened. He was elected a member of the Garrik club, in June - a member of the famous club "Athenum". The friction from time to time with Bentley forced Dickens in February to refuse to work in the Almanac.

The following year, all his books were concentrated in the hands of Chapman and Hall, with the assistance of which he began to publish a three -lane weekly “Mr. Humphrey Clock”, in which the April April - January and Barnabi Radge February - November, exhausted by the abundance of work, stopped the release of “Mr.

Humphrey's watches”. Although the Old Curiosity Shop antiquities shop, having been published, conquered many hearts, modern readers, not accepting the sentimentality of the novel, believe that Dickens allowed an excessive pathos in the description of the joyless wanderings and the sadly long death of the little Nell. The grotesque elements of the novel are quite successful. In January, the spouses Dickens sailed to Boston, where a crowded enthusiastic meeting laid the foundation for the writer's triumphal trip through New England to New York, Philadelphia, Washington and further to St.

Louis. But the journey was overshadowed by the growing indignation of Dickens about American literary piracy and the inability to fight him and - in the south - openly a hostile reaction to his rejection of slavery. American notes of American Notes that appeared in November, in England were met with warm praise and friendly criticism, but over the ocean caused fierce irritation.

Regarding even more acute satire in his next novel, Martin Cherzlit Martin Chazzlewit, January - July, T. Carlyle remarked: "The Yankees boiled like a huge bottle of soda." The first of the Dickens of Christmas stories, the Christmas song in the prose of a Christmas Carol, also exposes selfishness, in particular the thirst for profit, reflected in the concept of "household man".

But often the reader's attention eluded the fact that the desire of Scrooj to enrich the sake of enrichment is a semi-serpent-semi-commercial parabola of a soulless theory of continuous competition. The main idea of ​​the story - about the need for generosity and love - permeates the followers of The Chimes, the cricket behind the focus of The Cricket on the Hearth, as well as the less successful battle of The Battle of Life, and the obsessed with The Haunted Man, in July, along with children, Katherine and her Sister Georgina Hogart, who now lived with them, Dickens went to Genoa.

Returning to London in July, he plunged into worries on the foundation and publication of the Liberal newspaper Daily News. Publishing conflicts with its owners soon forced Dickens to abandon this work.The disappointed Dickens decided that since that time, books would become his weapon in the struggle for reforms. In Lausanne, he began Roman Domby and the son of Dombey and Son, October - April, replacing publishers to Bradbury and Evans.

In May, Dickens published a second book of travel notes, pictures from Italy. Dickens took part as a director and actor in charitable amateur performances - everyone in his disposition B. Johnson and Windsor mockery W. began David Copperfield David Copperfield in Dickens, May, which had a huge success from the very beginning. The most popular of all Dickens of novels, the beloved brainchild of the author himself, David Copperfield is more than others associated with the biography of the writer.

It would be incorrect to believe that David Copperfield is just a mosaic of somewhat modified and arranged events of the writer's life in another order. The through theme of the novel is the “rebellious heart” of the young David, the reason for all his mistakes, including the most serious - unhappy first marriage. He began to publish a weekly at a price of two pence - “home reading”.

It contained easy reading, various information and messages, poems and stories, articles about social, political and economic reforms published without signatures. Meredith, W. Collins, C. Lever, Ch.