Biography of the Cherepan steam locomotive

Cherepanovs - pioneers of steam equipment. The Cherepanovs came from the attributed peasants of the Vyskoy plant. Efim Alekseevich, like most "factory youngsters", got acquainted with various production processes early! Later, having become a damper master of the Vyskoye Plant, he created a “mechanical institution”, which was not technically inferior to the advanced engineering enterprises of Europe.

In the city, in the creation of this steam machine, the Father was helped by the summer Miron. The wonderful Tagil mechanics from the very beginning considered the steam engine as universal. Around the twenty -five steam machines created by them, there were ore -lifting and water -excavated, nails, screw -cutting, strict and gold -fitting - with a capacity of 5 to 60 horsepower.

According to the Cherepanovs themselves, they tried all their lives to "the father and the son were not inventors in the inventors, whose horizons were limited to the scale of the Demidov factories. They were well familiar with the technical innovations introduced at large enterprises of Russia, England, Sweden; were in constant communication with other masters of their time. The top of the Cherepanov’s work was the first Russian steam locomotive, built in the 5th issue of the “Mountain Journal” for the city of Cherepanov built a second steam locomotive with a carrying capacity of the pounds, and in the city of Cherepanov there were many associates, successors and successors among workers, masters and engineers of the Ural plants.

However, their inventive activity proceeded in an atmosphere of persistent prejudice and indifference on the part of the planters, intrigues and intrigues by often mediocre managers or employees of the Demidov offices. The masters experienced the true tragedy of people, deprived of the freedom of creativity, placed in narrow frames with all kinds of petty prohibitions and restrictions.

Neither comparative material well -being, nor the awards of breeders and government in the city of Efim Alekseevich, were awarded a silver medal on the Anninsky tape, or “free”, which, however, did not bring freedom to families of talented mechanics, could facilitate her. The Cherepanovs received a heavy blow, receiving news of the construction of the railway near St.

Petersburg by foreign experts, on the purchase of steam locomotives in England and Belgium. Their creation - "steamer" - was not interested in anyone, no one remembered their names. Exhausted by overwhelming work, Efim Alekseevich died in the city for seven years after the death of his father continued to work at the factories, Miron Efimovich, showing his characteristic energy and perseverance.

The work on the creation of steam machines at the plants of the Tagil district was continued by Amos Alekseevich Cherepanov, the nephew of Efim Alekseevich. He built a "steam elephant" - a self -propelled gun, which for many years transported cargo in Saldinsky factories. The creations of the mechanics of the Cherepanovs and their names make up the national glory of Russia.

Such a verbal portrait of Efim Cherepanov was so drawn in police tones on the passage of the Demidov masters, who returned to the Nizhny Tagil factory from a business trip to the Lindolovsky plants of Saltykova in August. What they did there is unknown for certain. But the owner of these plants Daria Saltykova a year before sent a letter to Nikolai Demidov, in which she asked: "Although the Memavova of the Master and Dominnov apprentice, make mercy insert and continue their packs." So, they were needed by the Countess.

He answered at the Vyskoy factory for fur - blower machines. In the year, Efima was appointed a "dams", and a year later - a dam. Staying in this rank, he built his first steam car in the year. She twisted the lathe’s spindle, replacing the work of two workers. Meanwhile, the authorities of the Nizhny Tagil factories, and Demidov himself was very skeptical of the construction of steamers.

They were worried that the demand in other countries is falling on the Ural iron. But they did not want to admit that the whole thing is in technical lag, in an insufficient energy base. In order to understand the reasons for the lag of his factories, Demidov sends Cherepanov to England. Its commissioner in Gull Eduard Spenes was written off in a recommendatory letter: "His pr-in wants him to inspect, especially ironwork plants and mines of your country." Of course, the British were not interested in transferring to anyone their technical experience, their secrets.

And therefore, Efima was by no means friendly here, "the long beard of which had the consequences of which had the consequences and attracted attention how you can make sure from the applied newspaper" This is from the message of Edward Spence to the St. Petersburg Demidov office. It turns out that Cherepanov was taken as a spy, because of which he could simply not be allowed into many factories.

On the message, Demidov painted him about this: "Cherepanov is a spy! Newspaper men - freaks." Later, in a report from Gull, Efim makes a special emphasis on the steam cars he saw and offers to build the same for pumping water from a copper mine. He speaks of the same thing in a memorandum upon returning to Russia.In their comments, the bosses of the St. Petersburg office speaks very sparingly about this.

Judging by the surviving letters of that time, Efim only had the opportunity to survive the miracles of overseas technology, it was not allowed to draw and documentation. What a "spy"! Meanwhile, natural talents, the ability to technique was also noted by Edward Spence in his report to Demidov. Next year, Cherepanov is appointed the main mechanic of the Nizhny Tagil factories. The circle of concerns expanded significantly.

And at the same time, it was not easy for him to defend his opinion about the need to build steam machines. Nevertheless, Demidov instructs him to build a second steam. But Efim offered with his help to pump out groundwater from the mine of a copper mine, and the authorities decided to install it with a new wooden flour mill, built at the mouth of the Pereki River. Demidov, who managed his enterprises from Naples, then from Florence, was very worried about the successes of his main rival Alexei Yakovlev.

Cherepanov receives a spy task directly: to visit Verkh-Neivska and find out why the breeder intended to even “transport” his lines on the coal box there from 23 to 25 pounds on the coal box. According to the results of this investigation. Fulfilling this delicate assignment, Cherepanov limited himself to the information that the plant administration gave him. He reported in his message "about what smelting from their book, equal to the size of their domain, rocks, carbon fiber boxes." The point turned out that these boxes of Yakovlev had more Demidovsky, the ores differed in quality, and the blast furnaces themselves were of different sizes.

In his report to the owner of March 28, Efim gladly reports that his second steam car was tested, "but without any extension to the flour mill, and very much acted." And Demidova is primarily interested in how to catch up with Yakovlev in the production of copper and establish "doing sulfate." But he himself soon cooled to this matter. In the same letter, Nikolai Demidov suggests that the factory clerks out of habit will reject the innovations he introduced.

And he unequivocally threatens his mechanics: "You should not imitate your comrades, but do it as you are ordered: for I really do not like it when subordinates try to bring me displeasure with their contradictions." From an early age, Miron Cherepanov adopted his art of mechanic from his father. Having received a home education, he was already taken to work with a scribe at the office at the age of 12.

And when he was 17 years old, he helped his father in the construction of the first steamer. Later, the son will become the dam of the Vyzky Plant. Demidov liked the hope expressed by Efim that over time, Miron could generally replace him. At the beginning of the year, the breeder decided to send Cherepanov to Sweden to study mountain and metallurgical industries and for "viewing machines".

And Efim managed to ensure that Miron and Miron went with him. In the group of Tagil masters who went to Sweden, there were also Kozopasov. He insisted on pumping out water from the mines using horse -drawn drives, as well as bulky bar mechanisms acting from the water wheel. This technique was well known in the time of Mikhail Lomonosov. In Dannemor, the Ural travelers observed a barbell car about two kilometers long in operation.

And the attention of Cherepanov was attracted again by steam cars. Therefore, in his reports on the trip, he and Kozopasov spoke for completely opposite methods of pumping water. In general, the Swedish technique did not make a big impression on Efim. The factory authorities did not support Cherepanov in his endeavors. As a mechanic, he had to ride mines and gold mines.

And he asked Demidov to free him from office affairs. He writes to him: "I understand something more to do something with your own hands and show in practice to the masters and workers." Again expresses against bar machines for the construction of steam. And here is the answer: “The awards that are done to me are significant, but your zeal is not enough that it has come to my attention, I consider your non -statutory in the affairs entrusted to you, I consider it fair.

You have to work and try day and night a steam machine at a copper mine was still built. In February, Cherepanov writes: "She went into action, replaced three so -called shoulder straps in which the horses were the best possible to wish." In January, the merits of Cherepanov before the state were awarded a high award.

The Emperor deigned to approve the decision of the Committee of Ministers on the delivery of a silver medal with the inscription "for useful" for wearing on the neck on the Anninsky tape. It was supposed to first give a gold medal, but only the merchant estate was noted. And soon Efim and his wife received free, ceased to be considered the fortress Demidovs. In May of the same year, Miron Cherepanov himself has been going to England.In a letter to Eduard Spen, it was said: "Cherepanov is as stubborn as his father - he did not allow his beard to shake his beard; try to convince him to agree to this and deign to buy him a good silver watch." This, apparently, so that Miron, as at one time, would not be mistaken for a spy.

It was a year.