Elena Dmitrievna Karbysheva Biography

The hereditary nobleman, the royal lieutenant colonel, who became a military engineer of the Red Army, withstood the mockery of the Gestapo and did not change his homeland. Why did General Karbyshev supported the revolution at one time? Where did his meeting with his beloved wife take place? Why did the Germans consider Karbyshev much more valuable than Vlasov?

Finally, how did Elena’s life, daughter of Dmitry Mikhailovich, who followed in his footsteps? The newborn was the sixth and last child of his parents. Mikhail Ilyich and Alexander Efimovna were educated people, and sought to give children the best education. From an early age, Dmitry knew four languages ​​in which they spoke freely in the house - Russian, Tatar, German and French.

Dmitry’s elder brother, Vladimir Karbyshev, studied at the medical faculty of Kazan University. In the year, parents were informed that Vladimir was arrested for participating in a student revolutionary movement. This news crushed the health of Mikhail Ilyich and Alexandra Efimovna. In the year, when Mithe was twelve, his dad died at the age of 63. The children were in the care of Mamenka, who by that time had seriously ill and practically did not leave the house.

The Karbyshev family with relatives. Dmitry is on the left. Due to the arrest of Vladimir, the Karbyshev family was taken under the supervision of the police department. Dmitry, who claimed a place in the Siberian Cadet Corps, refused to teach at the state account. As a result, the boy was accepted as "coming on the board." Meanwhile, the financial situation of the family left much to be desired: the affairs were upset, and the mother stubbornly refused to accept the help of her relatives-people: according to Alexandra Efimovna, her relatives betrayed her eldest son Vladimir, refusing to bail him.

Dmitry studied brilliantly and two years later the leadership of the Siberian Cadet Corps transferred the talented young man to state support. In the year, Summer Karbyshev gradually graduated from the Cadet Corps and was recommended to the best military educational institutions of the empire - the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, the Pavlovsk School, and the Nikolaev Engineering School.

Surprisingly, Dmitry, who studied so well in the Cadet Corps, was disappointed in military service in military service and wanted to enter the Academy of Arts or the Institute of Civil Engineers. However, the family had no funds for these educational institutions. Mamenka convened a family council at which it was decided that Mitya would become a military man, but in the engineering unit.

Karbyshev entered the Nikolaev Engineering School, and, out of the year in the rank of second lieutenant, began to command the cable department of the telegraph company. General Karbyshev in his youth. Dmitry Mikhailovich went through the Russo-Japanese War. During his stay in Vladivostok, Karbyshev met with German Alice Karlovna Trojanovich, who became his wife. In the year, Alisa Karlovna died as a result of an accident.

Dmitry Mikhailovich was terribly grief because of the death of his wife. The couple did not have children. The young military engineer met the first world war with the rank of captain. Karbyshev took part in many significant battles, including in the famous assault on the Perezhyshl fortress. The battle for Przemysl became fateful for Karbyshev in every sense. During the attack, Dmitry Mikhailovich was injured in the leg.

The captain could not go and expected death when next to him, as if from nowhere, a charming young woman arose - the summer sister of mercy Lidia Vasilievna Opatskaya. Under squalling fire, Lydia carried Dmitry from the ruins of the fortifications of the Przemysl fortress. Karbyshev was completely shocked and fascinated.

Wounded, he asked Lidia to always be with him. Opatskaya followed the captain to the hospital in Belarus, where soon Lydia and Dmitry got married. For courage, manifested in the battle for the fortress, Przemysl Karbyshev was awarded the Order of St. Anna and promoted to lieutenant colonel. However, Dmitry Mikhailovich called his wife Lydia with his main award.

Lidia Opatskaya in civilian clothes and in the clothes of sister of mercy. In OM, Karbyshev first welcomed the February, and then the October Revolution. Dmitry Mikhailovich believed that the Bolsheviks and the Red Army were the only force that could keep the country from complete collapse. In addition, Dmitry’s position was greatly influenced by the views of his older brother Vladimir.

In December, in the city of Mogilev -Podolsky Karbyshev entered the Red Guard - the so -called voluntary armed detachments created by the territorial party organizations of the RSDLP b. In March, with several officers of the headquarters of the former 8th Army, Karbyshev with huge difficulties reached Voronezh, where he officially joined the Red Army. As part of the Red Army, Dmitry Mikhailovich took part in the civil war.

Karbyshev was engaged in the defense of Tsaritsyn, led the construction of defensive fortifications on the Eastern Front, built the Samara, Simbirsk, Chelyabinsk fortified areas. Under the engineering command of Dmitry Mikhailovich, it was ensured by the forcing of the Ufa and Belaya rivers during the Red Army on Siberia. Dmitry Karbyshev in the year.Karbyshev was at the front and first saw his daughter only after the end of the civil war.

Lidia Vasilievna all this time lived with her husband's relatives in Simbirsk. In August, Mikhail Vasilievich Frunze appointed Karbyshev as deputy chief of the Southern Front. Dmitry Mikhailovich managed the construction of fortifications at Perekop, the Kakhovsky bridgehead, took part in the assault on Chongar fortifications. In June, the last clashes of the Civil War ended.

Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev, who at that time held the post of chairman of the engineering committee of the Main Military Engineering Department of the Red Army, was simultaneously a teacher of engineering at the Military Academy named after In OM, the second child was born in the Karbyshev family - Tatyana's daughter. Three years later, son Alexei was born. Dmitry Karbyshev with his wife and daughter Elena.

By the year, Karbyshev was considered one of the world's largest specialists of military engineering art. The military and scientific careers of Dmitry Mikhailovich developed in parallel - in OM he was awarded the title of lieutenant general of the engineering troops, and in OM the scientific degree of a doctor of military sciences. As a professor at the Department of Tactics of the Higher Forms of the Higher Military Academy.

Voroshilova Dmitry Mikhailovich and met the Great Patriotic War. Dmitry Mikhailovich managed to break out of the headquarters and leave for the Belarusian forest. Here, the general joined the detachment of border guards G. During a cruel battle, General Karbyshev was wounded and lost the creation. He woke up already in captivity with the Germans. Artist Andrei Mironov. The Nazis quickly recognized the outstanding military engineer.

From the first days, the Gestapo tried to persuade Karbyshev to cooperate with the Third Reich. Dmitry Mikhailovich flatly refused. In September, the general was transported to the Stalag camp, located near the Polish city of Ostrov-Mazovetsk. Here, attempts to make Karbyshev go over to the side of the enemy. As the SS Khmyrov-Dolgruky, personal guard of General Vlasov subsequently testified, the Germans initially aimed precisely on Karbyshev, and not on Vlasov.

Hitler saw in Karbyshev a real commander of the so -called ROA: a nobleman, a former royal colonel, speaks German in German as a native, he was married to a German, however, in the person of Dmitry Mikhailovich, they ran into a real flint. The document was discovered in the Gestapo archives: “This largest Soviet fortifier, a personnel officer of the old Russian army, a person who exceeded sixty years, turned out to be a fanatically devoted idea of ​​fidelity to military duty and patriotism ...

Karbyshev can be considered hopeless in the sense of using a specialist in military engineering.” Karbysheva Gestapo considered “hopeless”, and in the year, after two years of intensive and meaningless persuasion, it issued a decree: “To send Karbyshev to the concentration camp of Flassenburg for hard labor, no discounts on the title and age.” Thus began the path of the patriot General to his own Calvary.

Lieutenant General Dmitry Mikhailovich Karbyshev. Under the screams of the Nazis, showered by abuse and blows of the butt, General Karbyshev worked the least with other prisoners. They slept on bare ground, ate rotten trough and beets. In these conditions, many went crazy, others showed cowardice, and switched to service to the Germans. General Karbyshev, who was older than the majority of prisoners, and in these conditions showed an incredible fortress of character.

Mauthausen concentration camp. It was Dmitry Mikhailovich who led the camp movement of resistance. The general urged all prisoners of war to remember about their homeland and in no case do not go to cooperate with the enemy. The authority of Karbyshev among prisoners was so indestructible that the Nazis had to transport him from one concentration camp to another. In February, the Germans brought Karbyshev to the Mauthausen concentration camp in the Upper Danube area now - Austria.

This was the last place of the conclusion of the courageous general. General Karbyshev with daughters Elena and Tanya. The country learned about what happened to Karbyshev at the beginning of the year, and the circumstances of the death of the general struck everyone, including Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin. Here is what the representative of the Soviet mission in the UK, who was dying in the London hospital, Franco-Canadian officer Sedon de Saint-Cler, prisoner of the Mauthausen concentration camp: this was how the inconsistent General Karbyshev died.

In honor of the general they called streets, avenues, schools. Monument to General Karbyshev in Mauthausen. From the very beginning of the war, Lidia Vasilievna Opatskaya, the wife of General Karbysheva, did not know anything about her husband's fate.