Nikolai Kolosovsky biography
Nikolai Nikolaevich Kolosovsky N. Kolosovsky was a scientist with a wide profile: he combined knowledge in geography and geology, technology, economics and planning, transport and dialectical materialism with practical creative work in the design of the largest construction projects. He gained well -deserved fame as a researcher of Eastern Siberia and a scientist in the field of economic geography of the USSR, where he owns a number of original and very fruitful scientific ideas.
Kolosovsky came to these ideas as a result of the tense many years of the scientist and practice. A direct participant in the work on the country carried out by the State Planning Commission, an active participant in the development of the Ural-Kuzbass problem, the head of the study of the Angara problem, he acutely felt the requirements of practical life; In order to satisfy these requirements, the scientist turned to various branches of scientific knowledge and, enriching his erudition, at the same time put new tasks before the practice and scientifically covered the ways to solve them.
Kolosovsky summarized the past achievements of Russian geographical science and the rich experience of Soviet economic construction in the economic zoning developed by him, which is an important theoretical part of economic geography. Kolosovsky was born on September 19, Nizhny Novgorod, and here in G. with great warmth, he recalled this period of life, about friends of his youth, which included the Sverdlov family.
In the city of Kolosovsky - already at the St. Petersburg Institute of Railways, which he graduated from a student who brilliantly manages in technical sciences, at the same time was interested in political economy, studied Marx. He was appointed a manufacturer of road works from G., participated in the city after the liquidation of Kolchakovschina in Kolosovsky was appointed head of the East Siberian District of Highway Roads and was soon called to Moscow to the Mountain Council of the Supreme Economic Council for the development of transport relations with the Lensky district.
He organized a number of expeditions on the study of Siberia and participated in them directly, speaking with reports at conferences and congresses in the eastern areas, released a number of research and journal articles. In Moscow, in the mountain council, Kolosovsky joined the development of the Ural-Kuzbass project and, with his characteristic energy, defended this idea in the fight against its opponents.
In the same year, Kolosovsky began working in a state plan on the study of productive forces, economic zoning, prospects for the development of transport, industry and energy of the eastern regions of the USSR. He took an active part in the development of the first five -year plan for the development of the national economy of the USSR. Kolosovsky, nominated the idea of Angarstroy, approved by the State Planning Commission, and with G.
Kolosovsky began working in a comprehensive study of Angara as deputy chief-academician engineer I. Under the leadership of Kolosovsky, a question was developed about the development of the productive forces of Eastern Siberia and proposed economically and technically substantiated specific enterprises. After the Dneprostroy project, this was the first work that gives a holistic integrated project from hydropower to transport, raw materials and industrial production based on the latest equipment.
Kolosovsky is rightfully one of the initiators of Angarstroy, the substantiation and promotion of which he devoted 30 years of his life. Simultaneously with the work of Angarstroy, Kolosovsky managed the design of the copper-chemical plant in the Orsky district and the placement of enterprises of Bolshoi Krasnoyarsk. During the Great Patriotic War, Kolosovsky at the USSR Academy of Sciences fulfilled a number of government orders about the necessary measures for railway transport in the Urals in wartime.
In - gg. Kolosovsky developed the problem of the Unified transport network of the USSR. Simultaneously with scientific work, he conducted scientific and pedagogical work. Kolosovsky began to give lectures at the Faculty of Geography of Moscow University, with which, until the last days of his life, pedagogical as well as scientific activity was associated. In the “Economic Zoning of the USSR” created by the Kolosovsky course, which he led almost a quarter of a century, the idea was carried out that productive forces with certain production relations form territorial localized combinations - economic areas.
These areas under socialism are developing in a planned manner in the direction of increasingly complexity regarding the use of resources. Each of the districts specializes on the basis of the common -united geographical division of labor, which leads to an increase in the productivity of the social labor of each region and the entire USSR. In his work “Production and Territorial combination, the complex in Soviet economic geography” Kolosovsky develops the idea that the ideas of the Soviet district school on the typology of economic regions bring a new technological moment into economic geography.He establishes that the basis of the geographical district-forming process is the “production and territorial combination, i.e.
the complex is the main link of the entire chain of a more complex concept of the economic“ area; The combination of the leading planned sectors of the national economy, taken taking into account the natural environment, the stage of historical development of the region and the labor and national-cultural characteristics of the population, "creates that special individual, unique nowhere elsewhere, which is typical for a truly living, continuously developing economic region." Of great interest is the last dying work of Kolosovsky “scientific problems of geography”, in which he develops the idea that there is a single geographical science, and its two parts - economic geography and physical geography - are closely connected with each other and mutually determine each other.
This approach allows you to get a holistic picture in geographical work. Based on the ideas of zoning developed by him, Kolosovsky developed a net of new economic regions of the USSR. For this, he investigated the prospects for the production and consumption of almost 90 of the most important types of raw materials and products and monographs were studied in a number of individual industries and in the largest construction sites.
As a result, he determined the geography and internal structure of promising production and territorial complexes, which combines various production based on the rational use of local resources and specialization throughout the country. The grid of economic regions according to N. Kolosovsky is of considerable interest at present. In addition to his scientific and pedagogical work, Kolosovsky, fulfilling government orders, in the city for 34 years of his activity, Kolosovsky issued over 70 printed works.
He owns a study on Angarststoy he released 23 works; The Ural-Kuznetsk plant was written by 11 articles and books; In the work of the “future of the Ural-Kuznetsk plant”, in contrast to the opponents of the construction of the Ural-Kuznetsk plant, its high economic efficiency has been proved; 14 works were written and completed; Of great interest are proposals for the rationalization of transport during the Great Patriotic War; The development of the productive forces of the Urals, Siberia, Kazakhstan and the Far East wrote and edited 20 articles and collections; There are 25 articles and research, including multi-volume ones, are devoted to the general issues of economic zoning and the placement of the productive forces of the USSR: the “Technical and Economic Scheme of the Yavinsk Medica-Chemical Combine” and “Analysis of the Production forces of Productive Forces for the First and Second Five-Year Plan”.
For his merits, Kolosovsky was awarded two orders of the Soviet Union and medals, repeatedly awarded with diplomas of the USSR Academy of Sciences, Moscow University and other organizations. Kolosovsky was approved to the degree of Doctor of Geographical Sciences and Professor. Devotion to the Motherland, selfless service to science and exceptional fundamental in large and small issues - this is the moral appearance of Kolosovsky.
In December, G. Returning in the fall, G. Kolosovsky died in the prime of his creative activity. List of literature Belousov V.