Map biography of Turgenev

Portrait of the writer I. Turgenev photo: Wikipedia. Or did not tremble from the stories of boys about brownies and mermaids in the story "Bezhin meadow"? In the end, did not be sad about the fate of the poor Gerasimov’s jail Mumu? These and other works, which have become the classics of domestic and world literature, belong to the pen of Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev-a Russian writer-realist, poet, publicist, playwright, translator, member of the Russian geographical society.

The art system created by Turgenev influenced the poetics of not only the Russian, but also the Western European novel of the second half of the 19th century. The first in Russian literature, Turgenev spoke about the personality of the "new man"-nihilist-sixt-eve. And thanks to Turgenev-translator, the foreign world saw the best works of Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Dostoevsky and other Russian classics.

The life path of a realist writer was a thorny and saturated with events. The mother’s “whip and gingerbread” in childhood, the failed duel with Tolstoy, literary opal, love for a married woman, life abroad. In honor of the summer anniversary of the writer, the Russian Geographical Society invites on a trip to places related to his life and creativity. It is customary to return to the origins: the eagle and his surroundings in Orel passed the childhood and youth of the future writer.

Bezhin Lug from the story of the same name is that the Snezhda River near the eagle, the estate of the heroine of the novel "Noble Nest" by Lisa Kalitina, the scenery of "Fathers and children" - these and other Oryol toponyms will appear on the pages of Turgenev's works more than once. Throughout their lives, they will attract him to their native places again and again.

But for now, let's get back to the very beginning. Oryol province. A newborn boy was called Ivan. All the origins of the work of the future writer are drawn from childhood. The difficult financial situation of Turgenev Sr., shaken by a careless way of life, forced him to marry a rich landowner, who was six years older than him. Ivan's father did not pay due attention to his children, fully relying in this regard to his spouse and surrendered to his own pleasures.

In the year, the marriage broke up, and four years later, Sergei Nikolaevich died, leaving Varvara Petrovna three sons - Nikolai, Ivan and later who died from Sergey epilepsy. The writer's mother was the kind of echo, with a hysterical character. Not only serfs suffered from him, but also her own children, on whom she raised her hand more than once. Ivan also got, even though the boy was considered the beloved son of Barbara Petrovna.

The baseless punishments have raised the rejection of violence in the heart of Vanya, which subsequently instilled in him a neglect of serfdom and was reflected in many works of the writer. One way or another, Varvara Petrovna was an enlightened woman: she traveled a lot, made a correspondence with Vasily Zhukovsky and Mikhail Zagoskin, was fond of Russian literature, in particular, by the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol and other domestic classics.

At the same time, in the family circle they communicated exclusively in French, and the literacy of children was taught the often replaced by French and German tutors, one of which still managed to instill in Ivan a love of Russian literature. Later he will become the prototype of Punin in the story "Punin and Baburin". Many places in the Oryol region are remembered by little Turgenev.

Among them are Turgenevsky Berezhok, now located near the modern memorial museum of the writer in Orel. A little Ivan once walked here with his mother. In the center of the eagle there is another "Turgenev" toponym - this time literary. On the banks of the Oka, along Oktyabrskaya Street lonely there is a house - a manor, in which, according to the legend of the rumor, the heroine of Turgenev’s novel “Lisa Kalitina’s noble nest” “lived”.

Evdokia Korotnyva became its prototype, whose family belonged to this estate. The writer, who was friends with the Korotnyov, often visited their house. Like Lisa Kalitina in the novel, the girl went to the monastery. The house of Turgenev himself in Orel to the present day has not been preserved. The building burned down during the fire of the year, destroying the Korotnov house at the same time.

During the restoration of the city, a new house was erected on its stone foundations. Since March, its owner was a college adviser Africa Vasilievich Safonov, an old friend of Turgenev. The early childhood years of the future writer are inextricably linked with Spassky-Lutovinov, the estate of Turgenev’s mother, which she went to her uncle in the year. In total, Ivan lived in Spassky 17 years.

Here he spent the first nine years of his life. In May, he arrived here after the “link”, to which he was sent a month earlier at the highest command of Nicholas I, and spent a year and a half on the estate under police supervision. This "punishment" Turgenev was serving for the banned in St. Petersburg, but the necrologist about Gogol published in Moscow.

The rustic way of life subsequently reflected many times in the works of the legendary writer. Here he will write “Rudin”, “noble nest”, “Faust”, “fathers and children”, “on the eve”, poems in prose and other textbook works.And most importantly, it is in Spasskoye that he will return from his European travel again and again. After the death of the writer, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo passed into the possession of Foreigne Polina Viardot, the lover of Turgenev.

But she, not wanting to control possession, handed it to the distant relatives of the writer - Galakhov. The new owners did not want to live in it, and up to a year the estate was considered abandoned - up to the fire. Turgenev’s house burned down, it took up its restoration only in the year, on the occasion of the writer's summer anniversary. Today, the museum at the writer’s family estate, which has returned its “Turgenev” appearance, is still meeting visitors.

This is one of the few memorial Turgenev places where his genuine things are stored. Turgenev’s gold -headed youth: Moscow, having moved to the capital, to educate children, the Turgenev family often changed their place of residence. Several buildings have survived to this day, within the walls of which the writer lived, worked, met with friends. From for a year, the family of Father Turgenev lived in this house.

The young writer, then another thirteen -year -old boy, studied nearby - at the Weidengammer Pencration, which was considered one of the best private schools in Moscow. In the summer of the year, when summer Ivan was preparing to enter the university, the Turgenevs settled in a country near the Don Monastery. I lived in Moscow with my parents. They hired the cottage near the Kaluga outpost, against Neskuchny.

I was preparing at the university, but I worked very little and slowly ... Our cottage consisted of a wooden lordly house with columns and two low wings, ”Turgenev wrote about this period of his life in the novel First Love. Having shown exceptional abilities, in his incomplete fifteen Turgenev was enrolled in the first year of the literature department of Moscow University, which was located in the building of the current journalism of Moscow State University on Mokhovaya Street.

Here Ivan studied for only a year, but subsequently repeatedly returned in adulthood, attending public lectures by historian Timofei Granovsky. Young Turgenev is also remembered by the walls of the Empire mansion along Ostozhenka Street. In the year, he was rented by Varvara Petrovna, where she lived until her death in metro station Turgenev was traveling here-on the way from St. Petersburg to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo and back.

Pelagia, the illegitimate daughter of a young writer and Beloshweika Avdotya Ivanova, was born in this house. The mother’s house on Ostozhenka appears in Turgenev in the story “Mumu”: “In one of the remote streets of Moscow, in a gray house with white columns, an antresol and a shiny balcony, a lady, a widow surrounded by a large jatur.” Here the janitor Gerasim served, he brought here from the Crimean ford where the Crimean bridge of the puppy saved from Tina is now standing.

And the numerous "palane" Barbara Petrovna and the writer’s mother herself became the prototypes of the characters "Mumu". The dramatic events described by Turgenev in the story are not fiction. The dumb janitor is true, his name was Andrei really served Varvara Petrovna. The poor dog really existed: the lady of Turgenev really ordered a pet to drown. Only, unlike Gerasim, who, after what happened, left the hostess, Andrei continued to faithfully serve her.

Today in the "Mumu House" there is a Turgenev Museum. The Turgenevsky Quarter was opened by the writer’s summer anniversary, an architectural and museum complex, which, after the completion of large-scale restoration work, included the House-Museum of I. Turgenev and the personal territory with a garden and a square. The first monument to Turgenev was also erected there.

In Moscow there are several other addresses related to the work and circle of Turgenev’s communication. Among them is a small theater, on the stage of which the writer’s dramatic debut took place in the year. Spectators with warmth accepted the comedies "Provincial" and "Bachelor". Present at the premiere of both plays and Turgenev himself. At the then, then the Petrovsky Theater was also staged by Turgenev’s performances, but in the circles of Turgenens, he is “famous” not only with this.

Opera singer Polina Viardot’s lover, the writer’s lover, repeatedly entered the theater. Turgenev could not miss her performances in love. For their sake, he was ready for anything - even for violation of the law. In March, being still under arrest in Spassky-Lutovinov, he fled to the capital according to fake documents to see the French opera diva.

Annenkov recalled this event: "We saw a false passport of some tradesman acquired by him somewhere, with whom he once appeared in Moscow to amaze and horror his friends." Another "Turgenev" metropolitan address is Nikitsky Boulevard, house 7. Here, in the house of Count Alexander Tolstoy, the former Talyzin-Tolestry estate, the writer was acquainted with Nikolai Gogol, who lived in this building in his death in metro, the writers were not close friends, but appreciated each other's talent.

Today at this address is the Memorial Museum of Nikolai Vasilievich - the only center of memory of the writer in Russia. The addresses of Turgenev in Moscow Ostozhenka, I. Museum of I.Gagarinsky Lane, 15, Kvashnin-Steingel house.

Sivtsev Bage, 24, is the house of the writer's father's family. Prechistensky Boulevard,