Saltykov Mikhail Evgrafovich Biography

Shchedrin Spas-Call of the Kalyazinsky district of the Tver lips. He was the sixth child of a hereditary nobleman and college adviser Evgraf Vasilievich Saltykov - in O. Saltykova acquired the village of Zaozerier in the Uglich district of the Yaroslavl province. In childhood, the future writer lived for a long time in the estate, came here and a teenager, from the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, where he studied, often spending summer holidays in Zaozerse.

According to the observations of local historian and writer A., ​​the first teacher M. Saltykov was the fortress man of his parents, painter Pavel Sokolov; Then the older sister, a priest of the neighboring village, governess and a student of the Moscow Theological Academy, were engaged in him. For ten years, he entered the Moscow Noble Institute, and two years later he was translated, as one of the best students, by a state -owned pupil to the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

In the year, Mikhail graduated from the Lyceum in the second category with the rank of X class. Even during his studies, he began to compose poems. Several of his poems were placed in the “Reading Library” and years; Some were later printed in contemporary ed. Pletneva in the years. In August, Mikhail Saltykov was enrolled in the office of the Minister of War and only two years later received the first regular place there - the assistant secretary.

The literature already occupied it much more than the service: he not only read a lot, especially Georges Sand and French socialists, but also wrote - at first small bibliographic notes in the “domestic notes”, then the novels “contradictions” there, November and “confusing business” March in November of the same year, he was appointed senior official of special instructions under the Vyatka governor, then Twice he held the position of ruler of the governor's office, and since August he was an adviser to the provincial rule.

During this period, he was engaged in translations from Tokquille, Vivien, Shereulya. For the sisters of the Boltin, the daughters of the Vyatka vice-governor, of which one Elizabeth Apollonovna became his wife in the year, he composed a “brief history of Russia”. In November, Saltykov was allowed, finally, to leave Vyatka from where he had only left until then; In February, he was counted on the Ministry of the Interior, in June of the same year he was appointed an official of special assignments under the Minister and in August was sent to the Province of Tver and Vladimir for the viewing of the paperwork of the provincial committees of the militia of the convened, on the occasion of the Eastern War, in the year.

Returning from Vyatka, Saltykov resumed literary activity. From a year under the pseudonym Nikolai Shchedrin, he publishes his “provincial essays” in the “Russian messenger”, which immediately became very popular. In March, Mikhail Saltykov was appointed Ryazan vice-governor, in April of the year he was transferred to the same position to Tver. In the year, when dividing the property of the village of Zaozerier, it was transferred to the joint ownership of the brothers Mikhail and Sergey Saltykov.

The writer helped organize for peasant children Zaozeria one of the first zemstvo schools in the Yaroslavl province. On the estate with land, the peasant first Zaozersky society was sold. From the end of the x. Mikhail Evgrafovich wrote a lot, first published in different magazines in Athenae, Contemporary, Library for Reading, Moscow Bulletin, but from a year - almost exclusively in the “Contemporary”.

From what he wrote between and years, two collections were composed - “Innocent Stories” and “Satires in Prose”. In February, Saltykov was retired for the first time. He wanted to settle in Moscow and establish a two -week magazine there; When he did not succeed, he moved to Petersburg and since the beginning of the year he became virtually one of the editors of “Contemporary”.

For two years, he has been placing in it a fiction works, public and theater chronicles, Moscow letters, books on books, polemic notes, and journalistic articles. The constraints that the “contemporary” met at every turn from the side of censorship prompted Mikhail Evgrafovich to go to the service again. In November, he was appointed manager of the Penza official ward, two years later he was transferred to the same position in Tula, and in October - to Ryazan.

As soon as the “domestic notes” transferred from January 1 to the editorial office of N. Nekrasov, Mikhail Evgrafovich became one of their most diligent employees, and in June he finally left the service and took the position of one of the main employees and leaders of the magazine, the official editor of which became ten years, after the death of Nekrasov. So far, there were “domestic notes”, that is, up to a year, M.

Saltykov worked exclusively for them. Most of what he wrote at that time became part of the collections of “Signs of Time”, “Letters from the Province”, “History of one City”, “Pompadura and Pompadurshi”, “The Lord Tashkents”, “The Diary of the Provincial in St. Petersburg”, “Good -intent”, “Among the Modularity and Conductivity”, “Gentlemen Golovlyova”, “Supervisor of Montrepo”, “Provisor”, “round the year” “Modern idyll”, “abroad”, “letters to Aunt”, “Falfest Conversations”, “Poshehon Stories”.

After the ban on “domestic notes”, Mikhail Saltykov placed his works mainly in the “Bulletin of Europe”; Separately, “Fucking Letters” and “Littleships of Life” were published during the life of the author, “Poshekhonskaya old man” - after his death, in the year. The prose of Saltykov-Shchedrin is imbued with historical, biographical, geographical allusions and literary reminiscences.

Obviously, the geographical Zaozerier of the Uglich district can be considered as a prototype of the literary damp "Poshekhonskaya old man." However, it must be borne in mind that behind the social and biographical specifics in the works of the writer there is a different plan of artistic reality, focused on comprehending the deepest laws of national life. Such is the universal Russian city of Zhubov - outside of time and space “History of one city”, the ghost of the Golovlev family, excluding the kinship of “gentlemen Golovlev”, the mysterious Poshekhony “Poshehon Stories”, “Poshekhonskaya old”.

In the grotesque toponymy of Saltykov-Shchedrin, these are images of a high degree of conventionality, a kind of artistic reflection of the writer about the state, family, people in the atmosphere of the Almighty "Poshekhon's magic." Mikhail Evgrafovich died on April 28 on May 10 and buried on May 2 14, according to his desire, in the Volkovsky cemetery, near I.

Turgenev found a mistake or a typo? Select the text and click on the icon to inform the editor. Sources of Wikipedia Literary Encyclopedia: [in 11 vols. Lunacharsky Ch. Brief Literary Encyclopedia: [In 9 t. Soviet encyclopedia,-literature Arseniev K. Literary and public characteristics. The chronicle of the village of Zaozeria. Saltykov-Shchedrin and Yaroslavl Territory.

Pryamkov A. Saltykov-Shchedrin in the Yaroslavl Territory. Saltykov-Shchedrin in the memoirs of contemporaries. Poshekhonskaya old Saltykova-Shchedrin. Saltykov-Shchedrin at the turn of the X. Bibliography of literature about M. The middle of the path. The art world of Saltykov-Shchedrin. Laughter M. Your harsh friend. The story of M. in recent years. Writers of the Yaroslavl Territory.

Zlotnikova T. Pavlova I. Fate of Russia in the work of M. Meet: M. Baryshev, E. Demina, G. Saltykov-Shchedrin: Pro et contra: Personality and work of M. in 20 volumes. In 10 tt.